The short answer is: Yes, you can get very muscular and be fast. Look at top sprinters or NFL players.
Longer answer(s):
1. 5×5 is not bodybuilding type training, but is a very solid template for building strength.
2. At 112, that is very underweight for an 18 year old runner.
3. That gym set-up is not going to get you big or strong or fast.
I’d be doing 4 compound lifts (snatch or clean, squat, upper body push, upper body pull) 3x per week and do speed work (short and fast) on at least 2 of those days.
Then doing tempo (a little longer – say 10-15×100-200m runs) and bodybuilding type exercises on recovery days.
You want to build muscle while getting faster?
1. Make sure you have a smart running plan (lots of examples to look at on this site).
2. Eat a ton – however much you’re eating now, add 500 calories a day to that.
3. Squat on all 3 lifting days. Have one of the days be very high reps (50+ total). A bunch of time under a bar forces your body to get bigger.